Switching Power Supply Using LM2596
This DC-DC switching power supply uses the LM2596 step-down (buck) voltage regulator to provide regulated output voltages at up to 3A. The LM2596 can accept a wide input voltage range from 8V to 40V DC and efficiently converts it to a lower DC voltage, making it ideal for battery-powered systems, electronics projects, and embedded applications.
Available Output Versions
- LM2596-3.3: 3.3V DC output
- LM2596-5.0: 5V DC output
- LM2596-12: 12V DC output
- LM2596-ADJ: Adjustable output from 1.23V to 37V DC using a potentiometer
Power Supply Requirements
- Input voltage: 8-40V DC (depending on output voltage required).
- Output current: up to 3A with proper heatsinking and cooling.
- Filter capacitors for smoothing input and output voltages.
- Inductor suitable for LM2596 switching to maintain low ripple.
Key Components
- LM2596 Voltage Regulator: Buck converter IC capable of 3A output.
- Inductor: Stores energy during switching cycles and smooths output current.
- Schottky Diode: Provides fast recovery and low voltage drop for the switching output.
- Input and Output Capacitors: Reduce voltage ripple and stabilize operation.
- Potentiometer (for LM2596-ADJ): Adjusts output voltage precisely from 1.23V to 37V.
Circuit Operation
- The input DC voltage (8-40V) is applied to the LM2596 regulator.
- The LM2596 switches the internal transistor at high frequency, storing energy in the inductor and controlling the output voltage.
- The Schottky diode and output capacitor smooth the pulsed current into a stable DC voltage.
- Fixed versions (3.3V, 5V, 12V) deliver regulated voltage automatically, while the adjustable version allows fine-tuning with a potentiometer.
- High efficiency (>75%) minimizes heat generation compared to linear regulators.
Key Features
- DC-DC step-down (buck) switching regulator
- Wide input voltage range: 8V-40V DC
- Output voltage options: 3.3V, 5V, 12V, or adjustable 1.23V-37V
- Maximum output current: 3A
- High efficiency and low heat generation
- Compact and suitable for embedded systems or battery-powered projects
Construction Notes
- Ensure proper heatsinking for the LM2596 when operating near maximum current.
- Use low-ESR capacitors for input and output to maintain stable operation.
- Choose an inductor rated for the output current and switching frequency of the LM2596.
- Check Schottky diode rating to handle the maximum load current without overheating.
- For LM2596-ADJ, adjust the potentiometer carefully to set the desired output voltage.
- Keep wiring short and thick for high-current connections to reduce voltage drops.
- LM2596-3.3 (3.3Vdc output)
- LM2596-5.0 (5Vdc output)
- LM2596-12 (12Vdc output)
- LM2596-ADJ (1.23Vdc to 37Vdc output)
Components
- 680uF 50V electrolytic capacitor
- 1N5824 high speed schottky diode (5A)
- Output 100V electrolytic capacitor (higher voltage, lower ESR)
- 330uF (for LM2596-3.3, LM2596-5.0)
- 180uF (for LM2596-12)
wire coil inductor
- 33uH (for LM2596-3.3, LM2596-5.0)
- 68uH (for LM2596-12)